If you look at the 'tasks include' section under the heading Environmental Research Scientist, you can probably use those to put together a description of your responsibilities, which your employer will agree with and back up, which shows that you have to do something under most of those headings, working from ANZSCO's very general and vague terminology to the specifics of your practical job. When it comes to checking by a CO, that person needs to find a list showing a good match to ANZSCO - it doesn't have to be 100%, but as good as possible.
Job titles don't matter, because those can be anything that makes sense to the employer. It's the description of role, responsibilities, and level of qualification required that makes the difference.
Again, for your degree, the title on the certificate doesn't matter as much as the equivalence to the NZ degree set down as a requirement for the bonus points. You can get it assessed by NZQA for the IQA
http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/qualificatio...ns-assessment/, and use the form at Appendix B here
http://www.immigration.govt.nz/NR/rd...ifications.pdf to ask them specifically to look for the content that shows you meet the criteria for the LTSSL bonus points.
Yes, you can apply from within NZ.
Apply as soon as you can get your evidence together.